很多同学对于句子成分分析不甚了解,经常划分错误,那么理解出来的句子意思和作者的意图就相差甚远,在练习PTE题目也就容易出错。句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语
主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。
如:
讲述“谁”Wework in a big factory.
讲述“什么” The classroom is very big.
数词作主语 Three are enough.
从句作主语 What we need is food.我们最需要的是食物.
在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:
There aresome bottles of milkin the box.
在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如:
It is very interestingtoplay the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers aboutthree monthsto build the house.
谓语
谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如:He is very generous.
Shelooksvery smart and cool
Wehave finishedthe job.
Hecan speakGerman.
表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语
You lookyoungerthan before.名词作表语
Myfather isa teacher.副词作表语
Everyone ishere.介词短语作表语
They areat the theatre.不定式作表语
My job isto teach them English.动名词作表语
Her job istraining the nurses.从句作表语
宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当,它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面。有时,会有双宾语。
如:
名词作宾语He never forgives others for theirmistakes.
代词做宾语He often helpsme.
不定式作宾语He likesto sleep in theopen air.
动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyedlivingin China.
从句做宾语I believethat they can finish the work intime.
直接宾语和间接宾语
及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如:
Webroughtthemsome food.
主谓间宾直宾
间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to 或 for。
宾补
在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.
如:
名词作宾补If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
形容词作宾补 Don’t make your hands dirty.
副词作宾补 We found Li Ming out when we arrived.
介词短语作宾补Make yourself at home.
省略to的不定式作宾补I saw a girl go into the building.
带to的不定式作宾补 The boy ordered the dog to lie down.
现在分词作宾补The boss kept them working all day.
过去分词作宾补Yesterday he got his leg broken.
在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有:
“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。
We call himJack.
They made Li Lei their monitor.
“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。
如:Do you think his idea wrong?
We must keep our classroom clean.
We can’t leave him alone.
“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有:down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。
如:Let him in/ out.
Mr. Li droveushome.
When gotthere, we found himout.
“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,两者有主表的关系。
如:We found everything in good order.
We regard him as our good friend.
He opened the door and found some of his friends in the rain.
“宾语+不定式”
充当宾补的不定式有三种:
A要求带to的不定式
B要求不带to的不定式let, make, see, hear, watch等
C单词help后可加to或不加to
“宾语+现在分词”
现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系。
I saw themplayingon the playground.
I heard Marysingingin the classroom.
“宾语+过去分词”。
宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成。
I had my bikestolen.
The teacherexplained again and again to make himself understood.
形式宾语+形容词
We found itimpossible to get there before Saturday.
宾语+what从句
Call me what you like. Mr. Li has made the factory what it istoday.
The mountain village is different from what it wasten years ago.
定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
如:
形容词作定语Theblackbike is mine.
代词作定语What’syourname?
名词作定语They madesomepaperflowers.
介词短语作定语The boysinthe roomare in Class Three, Grade One.
从句作定语The tall boywhois standing thereis Peter.
修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody,anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。
如:We’ll go to have something English.
If you don’t know the answer, ask someoneelse.
Do you have anything importanttotell me?
介词短语作定语时要后置。
如:Do you know the boy behind thetree?
The studentsin the roomare all my friends.
I think the pictureon the leftis better than the oneon the right.
动词的不定式作定语时要后置
What about somethingto drink?
I have no timeto travel to Chinais in Autumn or in Spring.
near by,below, downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。
如:
We are at the topof the hill. Can you see the villagebelow?
The peopledownstairsare listening to a talk now?
状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中。
如:
He did itcarefully(程度状语)
They missed mevery much.(程度状语)
Without his help, we couldn’t work itout.(条件状语)
In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(目的状语)
When I was young, I could swim well.(时间状语)
以上就是小编为大家整理的关于PTE写作话题词汇之工作交通类,希望对大家有所帮助。更多PTE报名费用、PTE考试费用等问题可以咨询我们。